Campus Assault Essay

Grounds Assault Essay Grounds Assault Essay Conveying The Weight Columbia University senior, Emma Sulkowicz, talks solidly outside of her residence building. It is a grave articulation, and one that she has rehashed to numerous journalists since school continued in the start of September. Three days into her senior year and still uncertain of her thorough class plan, Sulkowicz is as of now amassed by journalists and picture takers on her approach to class. The visual expressions major has quite recently left on her senior theory, a perseverance execution workmanship venture she is calling â€Å"Mattress Performance,† in which she will haul around a naval force, Twin XL sleeping pad †precisely the same sort of bedding on which she was assaulted the main day of her sophomore year †until her attacker leaves the school through ejection, intentional leave, or graduation. Sulkowicz has just gotten media consideration as one of the twenty-three â€Å"complainants† documenting April’s Title IX body of evidence against the university’s claimed misusing of rape cases, yet the individual consideration has heightened since her specialty piece has turned into a web sensation on the Internet. On Mondays, Emma goes to class conveying the fifty-pound bedding across grounds from north to south and east to west. â€Å"It’s a ton of physical pain,† she says. Except if there are journalists encompassing her, her kindred understudies, the two companions and outsiders are anxious to help her when class. These associates are not helping her get from direct A toward point B yet in addition partaking in her ordinary weight: conveying the heaviness of her past †and present †upon her shoulders. Undergrads, due to their age, are at high hazard for rape, and a few specialists accept that school ladies are more powerless than their nonstudent peers. Grounds rape is boundlessly underreported to specialists with less than 5-percent of school ladies who are casualties of assault or endeavored assault announcing it to the police. Some portion of the issue is that numerous survivors don't call their experience assault despite the fact that it meets the legitimate models, yet universities additionally frequently energize casualty accusing through counteraction programs that emphasis only on chance decrease conduct by likely casualties. Medication and liquor misuse arrangements that do exclude resistance for casualties of rape can likewise block revealing. Not approaching secret or unknown announcing lessens the quantity of casualties who will approach and a conviction that the attacker won't be rebuffed. President Obama and Vice President Biden joined pioneers from colleges, media organizations, the games world, and grassroots associations to dispatch the â€Å"It’s On Us† crusade against rape on school grounds. â€Å"It’s On Us† is a convention cry welcoming everybody to step up and understand that the arrangement starts with us. It looks to reframe the discussion encompassing rape in a manner that rouses everybody to consider it to be their duty to accomplish something, significant or little, to forestall it. In propelling â€Å"It’s On Us,† President Obama stated, â€Å"To the survivors who are driving the battle against rape, your endeavors have helped start a development. I can just envision to what extent and forlorn your battle must feel. What's more, that’s why we’re all here today †to state that it’s not on you; it’s not your battle to wage alone; it’s on us †we all †to battle ground s rape. You are not the only one. We’ve got your back.† With the ascent of intrigue and energy that we’ve seen in simply the underlying first long stretches of propelling the battle, it’s clear that Americans the nation over truly have victim’s backs. The National Campus Leadership Council had attempted to join 200 and three grounds to run understudy drove â€Å"It’s On Us† crusades. In just a couple of days, that number has hopped to 200 and thirty-three grounds across the country. President George Bush marked â€Å"The Campus Sexual Assault Victims’ Bill of Rights† into law in July of 1992. The law necessitates that schools and colleges, both open and private, partaking in government understudy help programs

Unique Marketing Model of Aldi Company Case Study - 135

Extraordinary Marketing Model of Aldi Company - Case Study Example The universal development of Aldi stores had an enormous effect on driving worldwide retailers (Steen and Lane1). Giving clients primary goal by owing them regard assumed a significant job in the serious condition. Creation of unrivaled and new brands than the contenders would assume a huge job in supporting the upper hand to Aldi. Global development of the stores would likewise assume a significant job in continuing upper hand (Tichy and DeRose Web). Bringing down the costs and expanding the quality degree of creation to clients. Arrangement of exceptional and better brands made faithfulness than a large portion of the providers of Aldi for extensive stretch of time and a few clients accepted that the items were national brands from a remote nation (Tichy and DeRose Web). Bringing down the costs gets more clients since all can buy their decisions with the little they own. Further, since the dominant part are consistently after quality items, more clients would come in to make the most of their particular inclinations. Aldi enormously accepted that quality is reasonable to fulfill the developing need by effectively entering new markets in Houston, Florida and New York and presenting of new item, for example, natural nourishments. Aldi’s financials are normal. The organization doesn't appear to get more incomes from different rivalries, for example, Walmart. The company’s monetary position is anyway solid. The organization by and large has sound fiscal summaries with ever expanding in income gathered nearly on a yearly premise. As indicated by the Aldi and Walmart information of (2012), the worldwide income of Aldi ranges at $66 billion contrasted with that of Walmart that ranges from $444 billion.(Steen and Lane10) This is an unmistakable sign that Aldi level is low contrasted with Walmart. Walmart additionally had the quantity of stores in the U.S contrasted with Aldi each possessing 1,188 and 3211 respectively.â

19th Century Clues Explored with 21st Century Writing Tools Richmond Writing

19th Century Clues Explored with 21st Century Writing Tools Richmond Writing Here, avatar Beeble Baxter muses upon the image of Immanuel Swedenborg in Richmonds virtual House of Usher. During our pedagogical collaborations in virtual reality, there have been surprising parallels with traditional composition, but finding these parallels is not difficult. More challenging is the invention of an engaging and useful composition in virtual reality for use in our courses to help us to create that balance of challenge and learning that Lev Vygotsky called the zone of proximal development, or ZPD. Poes horror story The Fall of the House of Usher has always fascinated me in terms of its psychological prescience and its manifold intriguing but arcane details. Like many Poe characters, Roderick Usher is melancholic and has surrendered to the grim phantasm, FEAR that seems to   paralyze him. Sometimes a cursory reading of Poe moves us to dismiss his tales as merely formulaic, but his details are often doors to the dank dungeons of the human psyche. The narrator of this tale, responding to Rodericks desperate letter, attempts to distract his friends obsessive and fevered mind as they pored together over the titles in Ushers library. In so doing, the narrator gains some understanding of Ushers disintegrating psyche, but we do not. However, it only takes a look behind the mention of Immanuel Swedenborgs Heaven and Hell (1758) to get a more detailed insight into Rodericks madness. The full title of the text the narrator finds in Ushers Library is Heaven and its Wonders and Hell from things Heard and Seen.   Swedenborg begins with an exegesis of Matthew 24:2931 in which he makes the following claim after dismissing the literal reading of the passage:  However, people who believe such things are not aware of the hidden depths that lie within the details of the Word. There is in fact spiritual meaning in these details, for they intend not only the outward and earthly events that we find on the literal level but spiritual and heavenly events as well. This holds true not just for the meaning of phrases but even for each word. This passage almost seems to apply to Poes tale as well, and so in traditional text we have mirrors of meaning. Rodericks belief in the consciousness or sentience (1st coined in this story) of his house and the influence of the masonry, most specifically the collocation of the stonesor their particular arrangement, seems to suggest a tendency to find hidden meanings not unlike Swedenborg. The House of Usher certainly exhibits the layered meanings that Swedenborg sees in the Scriptures. In his mystified mental misery, it may be that Roderick overlooked or dismissed Swedenborgs insight in entry 311 where he reminds us that heaven and hell come from the human race a concept that might have encouraged Usher to clean up his own haunted palace to end the personal hell he had endured for so long. It is such detail that suggests virtual reality as a potentially powerful tool for motivating students to dig more deeply into the details of the text and reflect upon their narrative function. Why does Poe bother to list these specific titles? The image of Swedenborg on one of the walls of the Usher library can be scripted to provide clues for student research prompting them to ask: how can Swedenborgs Heaven and Hell can help us understand the intricacies of Rodericks madness?  And this is but one of the books named by the narrator of Poes story, each of which provides its own web of connections and opportunities for research. In Fall of the House of Usher the line of exploration can run from Poe to Swedenborg to William Blake whose astonishing hybrids of poetry and image composed via etching and engraving, continue to provide fertile intellectual and aesthetic delight even in the digital age. The William Blake Archive is one of the first collaborative hypermedia texts to receive academic acclaim and its design provides unprecedented access to the vast collection of Blakes genius scattered across the globe. Here students can follow the thread from Swedenborg to Blakes The Marriage of Heaven and Hell which includes images and text critical of Swedenborgs views. When the 19th Century meets the 21st Century in the dark digital hallways of our virtual House of Usher, the possibilities begin to unfold for the bold who playfully pioneer.

An Argument For Free Will. As An Outset, We Should First

An Argument for Free Will As an outset, we should first get a clear understanding of what â€Å"free will† actually means. â€Å"A being has free will if given all other causal factors in the universe (genetic and environmental, physical and chemical†¦) it nevertheless possesses the ability to choose more than one thing† (Caplan, 1997) There are many different definitions of freedom, but the kind of freedom I want to address is one where an individual can do as he or she pleases even if bound by chains to the ground. This type of freedom is freedom of the mind from causal deterministic laws, the idea that every event is dictated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature. I think that the strongest argument for free will is†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Therefore, all our actions are pre-determined. †¢ Thus, there is no free will or moral responsibility. By this reasoning, free will does not exist and in proving that it does exist, we need to address this. We can argue this case by considering that determinism states that every step or change or decision is predetermined. By that reasoning, then nothing can ever get done. The domino at the end of the line is going to fall no matter what, so what is the point in doing anything. It is also important to note that â€Å"a definition of determinism is just that – a characterization of what things would have to be like if things were deterministic. It does not follow that the universe is actually deterministic† (Kane, 2007). For example, consider this: a creature is a centaur if it has the hindquarters of a horse and the torso of a man. Nothing about the definition of a centaur shows that these creatures exist in our universe. It simply tells us something about what sorts of things would count as centaurs. The same thing for the definition of determinism; determinism does not show that the universe is deterministic. It only describes a term. Determinism undermines two aspects of free will: (1) decisions are â€Å"up to you† and (2) the origins of your actions are outside of our control, by either God, decrees of fate, etcetera. These are two important aspects, but because determinism describes what would happen if the universe ran on determinism, not necessarily thatShow MoreRelatedCesar Freire s Pedagogy Of The Oppressed1084 Words   |  5 PagesFreire passionately presents his ideals about education through the scopes of these two educational styles. Pedagogy of the Oppressed starts off with an explanation that the focus of his analysis is the relationship between teachers and students. First, Freire believes that the majority of teachers today â€Å"talk about reality as if it were motionless, static, compartmentalized, and predictable† (Paolo Freire). He uses lucidly negative diction like â€Å"hollow† and â€Å"alienating† to describe the words theseRead MoreThe Revolutionary War Of Independence790 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery was deeply rooted in the American colonies. However, the Revolution provided African American slaves with several opportunities to obtain their freedom, including through military service in the British and American armed forces. From the war’s outset, both American and British government officials as well as military officers contemplated how they could use African American slaves to further their war efforts. This paper uses a case study approach to explore two instances i n the RevolutionaryRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Nativism1629 Words   |  7 PagesAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding. In chapter ii of Book I of this work, Locke firmly rejects the theory of nativism that proposes innate ideas in humans. An important disclaimer to be noted before continuing is that Locke makes his case by first interpreting nativism in its simplest form (occurrent nativism) -- as opposed to the dispositional nativism that requires a sophisticated process of discovering the content of one’s mind. This distinction is significant since it is the latter definitionRead More Baruch Spinozas Anti Anthroponcentric View Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pagesgive rise to false conclusions about classifications in terms of subjective quantities such as good and bad, right and wrong, etc. (p.145). The argument regarding (1) above, is undoubtedly the most crucial and (not surprisingly) the most heretical of Spinoza’s unabashed critique of contemporary religion. The (main) reason for (1) turns out to be (as we shall see) the creation of God in the image of Man by people in their vain attempts to understand the nature of the Universe. This anthropomorphisationRead MoreAnalysis of Adams Argument To Eve1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn Book IV of Milton’s Paradise Lost, Eve recounts her memory of her first living moments to Adam. Eve relates that upon seeing Adam, she turned around and began walking in the opposite direction. Eve then quotes the exact words Adam used to convince her to stay: â€Å"Return fair Eve! †¦my other half† (page 91, lines 481-488). Upon examining Adam’s words, I discovered that Adam takes advantage of Eve’s lack of knowledge when reasoning with her. He doesn’t tell her everything. He keeps a few piecesRead MoreThe Law Of Non Contradiction1581 Words   |  7 Pageshis system(Martinich 1978). Monads are the substance that holds together an actual physical entitity. That includes people who are also individual monads . In the passage on personal identity, it is argued that we ourselves are made up of the sum total of our predi cates. We could list these as kind, generous, creative, and so on until a finite list would be exhausted to achieve perfect self-knowledge. Leibniz maintains that the subject is different than the attributes because it communesRead MoreJohn Cheevers Story Reunion: An Analysis1426 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Cheever Reunion To you, your father should be as a god; One that composd your beauties, yea, and one To whom you are but as a form in wax By him imprinted, and within his power To leave the figure or disfigure it. A Midsummer Nights Dream (1.1.50-4) John Cheevers short story Reunion examines the issue of inheritance between a father and his son. Not inheritance as in monetary matters, but as in character traits and personality. That is, Cheever asks the reader, to what extent is a sonRead MorePeri Archon: An Analysis1128 Words   |  4 Pagesof Origens hermeneutical and exegetical argument. Origen was living in Caesaria at the time of writing the Peri Archon, and was at the time heavily influenced by frequent contact with rabbinical scholarship. In the Peri Archon, Origen argues for the unity of scripture, (Clements 6). Origen and his contemporaries were concerned about judicious interpretations of scripture. The main problem with interpreting scripture, according to Origen, is twofold. First, there are different levels of meaning embeddedRead MoreThe Differences Between Women And Women1406 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach in the first essay, which was that similar treatment is not always the best answer to the kinds of wrongs wo men face and which feminism seeks to alleviate. The difference approach may be seen as an attempt to offer a feminist alternative that avoids this pitfall. Whereas the sameness approach responds to the sexist—who claims that men are better than women in some relevant way—by asserting the sameness of men and women, the difference approach responds by turning the sexist’s argument on its head—atRead MoreWomens Masculine Identity For Fear Of Contempt1542 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween dominant traits and the military are often hard to separate and arguments exist claiming that military culture is imbued with this toxic level of hypermasculinity leaves no room for alternative masculinities or femininity in these spaces. Rationales like this are a point of contention in terms of integrating female soldiers in combat units. Leora Rosen, Kathryn Knudson, and Peggy Fancher point out that, â€Å"one of the arguments against gender integration in the military centers around the premise

Funding Programs For Public Schools - 1400 Words

It is a common belief that students will perform better in a well-funded school. The National Report Card (NRC) examines the finance systems of all 50 states in the nation measuring how schools are funded based on four different categories: funding level, funding distribution, effort and coverage. â€Å"A fair funding system is one that provides a sufficient level of funding distributed to account for the additional needs† of the various populations, ensuring that all students have an equal and adequate opportunity for success nationwide (Krengel, 2014). However, the funding for public schools comes from federal, state, and local sources; however â€Å"nearly half the funding for public schools in the United States [being] provided through local taxes† (Biddle Berliner, 2002, p. 48). Due to the funding being provided through taxes a large â€Å"difference is generated in funding between wealthy and impoverished communities† (Biddle Berliner, 2002, p. 48). Not only is this difference present among communities, but districts, schools within the same districts and ultimately states across the nation, thus causing the issue of unequal school funding. All states have different formulas to determine where the funds come from but the formulas are developed with two common goals. The first objective it to account â€Å"for differences in the costs of achieving equal educational opportunity across schools and districts† and the second is to account â€Å"for differences in the ability of local publicShow MoreRelatedPublic Schools : Funding And Availability Of Arts Programs958 Words   |  4 Pages Public schools in America have seen a significant loss of funding which in turn has caused reductions in the funding and availability of arts programs country wide. School districts have cut the programs that they believe are least useful in boosting their testing averages which begs the question: In an age where students are taught simply to take tests, does education in the arts, and more specifically theatre, have a place in today’s schools. In recent years this country has seen tremendous cutsRead MoreDental Public Health Programs At The United States1353 Words   |  6 PagesDental public health programs in the United States operate on federal, state, or local levels. The roles and responsibilities of these programs are directly related to the level of which the program operates. Both similarities and differences can be seen when comparing dental public health programs with regard to organization, financing and delivery of care. Despite differences in the levels in which different dental public health programs operate, all of the programs share a common, generalizedRead MoreA Report On Newburgh Free Academy Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious programs. NFA houses approximately 4,000 students and holds a wide variety of classes, athletic programs, and co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. However, according to the district’s â€Å"Draft Budget Report for Fiscal Year 2017,† these programs d o not all receive equal funding. There appears to be a large portion of available funds going towards the athletic program, while fine arts, language, and co-curricular programs receive little to no funding. The majority of public high schoolsRead MoreCharter Schools Have Become A Rival For Public Schools905 Words   |  4 PagesCharter schools have become a rival for public schools. Charters schools are public schools by option; therefore parents must initiate the interest in the school thus enrolling their children into the program. On the other hand, public schools are open to any student and do not require a waitlist or lottery system to be enrolled. It is difficult to define the â€Å"best education† because parents seek different things when researching school options for their child. The purpose of education is to developRead MoreThe Importance of Funding Music and Art Programs for Young Students Across America1685 Words   |  7 PagesMuch too often in America today , modern music and art programs in schools are perceived to many as extracurricular activities rather than important subjects that are vital to a students learning and skill development. The truth of the matter is that encouraging music and art education in public schools has a much larger impact on student’s grades, academic performance, and the economy than the majority people realize. Within the next year city school budgets will be dropping by twenty five percent, andRead MorePublic School Funding For Public Schools1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthat students do better in well-funded schools and that public education should provide a level playing field for children. Nearly half of the funding for public schools in the United States, however, is provided through local taxes, generating large differences in funding between wealthy and impoverished communities (National Center for Education Statistics, 2000a). Efforts to reduce these disparities have provoked controversy and re sistance. Public school funding the United States comes from federalRead MoreEducational Funding Levels For Public Schools Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesGeorgia, to determine K-12 educational funding levels for public schools (Green, 2014). This approach utilizes a fixed method to allocate funds and, as maintained by Green (2014), is intended to provide an objective, efficient, and equitable manner to distribute state education funds to local schools districts. However, as observed with Georgia’s own funding formula, this budgeting approach falls short when full funding is not provided. As a result, funding inequities do occur as local sources ofRead MoreCritical Analysis of Problems and Issues in Education Essay examples1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe School Voucher program was designed to give families a choice about where their children could go to school. The program offered a fixed dollar amount each year to put toward a child’s tuition. Their choices ranged from private or parochial schools, these are schools that many of these children may not experience otherwise. Charter schools were also options because they are run much like private schools. The thought behind voucher programs is that a sense of competition would be created. TheRead MoreEssay on Quiz Study Guid1281 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Governance and Funding Quiz Guide COURTNEY GRADY 1. Are members of the public allowed to speak at local school meetings? Yes – public members can sign up by calling the board secretary 2. Are state school board members in Colorado elected or appointed? Board members are elected by all district voters. 3. Are local and state superintendents of schools elected or appointed? Local superintendents are appointed by local school boards. STATE? 4. What is a BOCES? Board of CooperativeRead MoreCharter Schools And The School Voucher System806 Words   |  4 Pagesdue to economic factors or cultural factors. Often parents are concerned about topics being taught in schools. The result of this is the existence of charter schools and the school voucher system. Charter schools are less regulated, private institutions which receive taxpayer funding. School voucher systems provide monetary assistance to qualifying students which allow them to attend private schools. This is shown as a way to provide parents with options concerning their child’s education. However

Edward scissorhands Free Essays

We instantly scan people for some characteristic we like and then we latch on to it. Social expectations we are all trained in from a young age, Edwards problem is that he isn’t used to this. He has to be taught all these things. We will write a custom essay sample on Edward scissorhands or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each group of friends and family has little expectations . Edward has a lady who comes Edward and Othello are treated really well until they provide an advantage to society, once this benefit is complete these people are thrown out like trash. Still a elineation between a man and a woman. Othello Just expects her to obey him no matter what. Edward is not believed when he says she was seducing me , he is not believed because he is different. Othello and Edward are both subjected to perspective. They all believe Desdemona deserves better than Othello, and the girl deserves better than Edward. They are both obviously different and are therefore excluded. Because you have a heritage from another country you must be born there. Alienating someone can really affect their identity. If one person starts to doubt one person it gets contagious. Iago puts enough doubt on Othello to lead and the weird lady makes everyone turn against Edward. Once people can make other people see them differently Seed of doubt, once that gets planted that’s when the trouble starts. The only woman that understands Edward is that woman, who is mothered by her Othello – you never hear that he can go and talk to someone when things go wrong. Edward has no one either. Edward has the woman who seems a bit naive but Othello has literally no one. Othello sees himself as an outsider- the whole out of my league thing- he cant believe that Desdemona has married me He sees himself as a rough, baboon soldier, this is evident when he apologises for his speech If you don’t know the rules then you become the outsider If it doesn’t agree with their thinking they will change things to make things work for them. People that feel like outsiders, are easy to take advantage edward scissorhands By brandonrouth How to cite Edward scissorhands, Papers Edward Scissorhands Free Essays Some people are monsters by appearance and others by behaviour. The way people treat others often influences how they react. In this caseEdward was a kind To discuss the essay question it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the meaning of the word monster, The Collins dictionary defines it as an imaginary beast, made up of various human and animal parts, an inhuman person or a cruel and wicked person. We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Scissorhands or any similar topic only for you Order Now This certainly describes Edward Scissorhands and with this definition in mind it is easy to argue that many of the characters in â€Å"Edward Scissorhands† behaved in a monstrous way. Edward Scissorhands is a monster created by an eccentric inventor who unfortunately died before completing his creation, leaving Edward with scissors for hands. In a flash back to the scene were his inventor cuts out a heart shaped cookie and places it on the robot body it creates a pleasant image in the mind of the viewer. Edward lived isolation in a Gothic Castle until he was discovered by Peg the Avon lady, she took pity on him and took him into her home. The suburb where she lived all of the houses are painted in pastel colours with neat gardens creating and image of a suburban wonderland, Edward appears as a very quiet young man with a child like innocence. So whilst Edward is indeed a monster by creation and appearance he is not so by nature. The neighbours behave in a way that could easily be argued as cruel and wicked, so by definition could be argued as monstrous behaviour. Edward is a kind and naive young man who is exploited by his neighbours who present themselves as friends but turn on him without question. Although the characters in the film are not deemed as monsters, the way they act makes them monsters. Their lack of understanding towards Edward impacts the way they treat him and in turn how he responds. The neighbours originally reject Edward due to their ignorance, prejudice and lack of empathy. When they discover his artistic ability to clip dogs, trim hedges into various shapes and style the hair of the ladies he becomes the most popular person in town and everyone loves him. As quickly as the neighbours accept him they turn on him and reject him. Edward gets into trouble with the Police and the neighbourhood once again turns on him, the women are again outside gossiping about him and saying cruel things about him suggesting he is the â€Å"son of Satan†. The main villain is the families neighbour Jim, whose hatred towards Edward is driven by his jealousy after realizing that Kim has a soft spot for Edward. Jim almost runs over Kim’s brother Kevin and Edward saves him, in doing so he accidently cuts Kevin’s face. The neighbours immediately without understanding the situation seek revenge on Edward and it is like a chain reaction with the whole neighbourhood turning against Edward like a bunch of vigilantes and violently rejecting him. What makes the behaviour of the neighbours seem so monstrous is the impression of Edward being so naive, he was exploited by his neighbours and violently turned upon without question. In the end the main villain Jim meets his death and the scene has the neighbours still seeking revenge when Kim tells them that Edward is gone. There seems to be no emotional reaction from them again, an example of cruel and wicked behaviour. Edward’s death is almost a relief for the How to cite Edward Scissorhands, Papers Edward Scissorhands Free Essays Studying Edward Scissorhands Tim Burton really unleashed his imagination for the first time when he made the pop fairytale Edward Scissorhands in 1990. Just as Burton’s success is associated with Batman, his artistic reputation is inextricably linked to Edward Scissorhands. Modern narratives are often updated versions of timeless stories. We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Scissorhands or any similar topic only for you Order Now Edward Scissorhands adapts the structure and conventions of the European fairytale to a contemporary American, suburban setting. Clips mentioned in this section are not available to view on the website but are readily available to buy or rent from the usual outlets. The film can be read as a dark, romantic fable for adults, another take on the disparity between the individual and society, on the unique nature of one single character and the horror of conformity. The Frankenstein story provides the model here. ‘A monster with a heart’ was one of the central themes of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, with an emphasis on sympathy, and intellectual and emotional identification particularly characteristic of English Romanticism. Edward Scissorhands takes up this tradition in so far as the creature becomes an object of sympathy and makes the world around him appear monstrous in comparison with his own innate goodness. Burton sets his story in a contemporary American suburb. He has given each generation represented in Edward Scissorhands its own system of symbolic shorthand representing the different eras they grew up in, different times associated with different tastes, each expressing a particular aesthetic. The parents generation is characterised by familiar 50s and 60s icons; theconformist, consumer-led boom of those years represented by lava lamps, functional interiors and social rituals like the barbecue. The younger generation wears the insignia of the 80s: jeans, T-shirts and the dream of fast money symbolised by a Landrover decorated with flames, all very reminiscent of the familiar aesthetics of Slacker films. Ultimately Edward represents two apparently disparate cultures. His clothes – a tight black leather suit with metal accessories – look like the rebellious uniform of punk, whose ‘no future’ attitude and rejection of bourgeois society were actually directly descended from the self-isolation and self-obsession of the Romantics as embodied in our lonely, misunderstood hero. Extract from ‘Edward Scissorhands Study Guide. ’ Reproduced with kind permission of the Film Institute of Ireland. Edward Scissorhands (1990) The town and the mansion: (00:05:06 to 00:14:28) There are two distinct locations in the film: Edward’s home in the mansion on the hill and the town which it overlooks. While they are very different places, they are similar in the exaggerated fashion in which each is presented. The gothic style mansion with its forbidding exterior, decorated by monstrous stone carvings, and its huge cavernous interior, lit only by long spindly windows, is the archetypal haunted house of the fairytale or Hammer horror. It is also reminiscent of many of the films sets of German Expressionism. By contrast the town at the foot of the hill is a pretty, peaceful, traditionally ordered society (men go to work each day, women are housewifes) as represented in American TV shows of the 1960s such as the Brady Bunch and Bewitched. The contrast between the two locations is established in this sequence. The lush, colourful landscaped garden of the inventor’s castle filled with flowers contrasts greatly with the flat unimaginative lawns which form a neat little pattern in the town below. The film set for the mansion is very dramatic, with windows and arches all slightly askew, adding to the feeling that not everything is as it should be. Peg, the Avon Lady’s entrance to the house is framed by a long shot which shows her suddenly engulfed by a huge bare interior. However, her vulnerability is counteracted by her inappropriate comments while exploring this chilling environment; â€Å"This is some huge house. Thank goodness for those aerobics classes. † The cheery lilac figure, climbing the stairs of a huge gothic house, is completely out of place. The music, which has been warning us of imminent danger, reaches a climax as Peg tells the dark approaching figure: â€Å"I’m Peg Boggs.. your local Avon representative. † It is only when Edward emerges from the dark that Peg feels afraid, but is soon reassured when he speaks. The music changes sharply at this point into something a little more melancholic as a stunned Peg looks at Edward’s hands and asks him what has happened. Again the mood quickly changes to optimism as she begins to heal the cuts on his face. Edward Scissorhands (1990) The Barbecue Scene: (00:34:03 to 00:34:57) Edward Scissorhands (1990) The Television Interview: (00:52:25 to 00:54:26) Edward Scissorhands (1990) The Diner Scene: (00:57:43 to 00:58:47) These three sequences illustrate the bold use of primary colours in Tim Burton’s mise-en-scene. The vibrant colour scheme conveys the emotional excess and unstable behaviour of the inhabitants of the town. The contrast with Edward’s gothic punk style of clothing, hairstyle and make-up is striking and it marks him out as an outsider – a fish out of water. Edward Scissorhands (1990) The Ice Sculpture: (01:12:45 to 01:14:20) In Edward Scissorhands, as in many German Expressionist films, realism is rejected in favour of artificiality which adds to the fairytale quality of the film. In this scene, the dream-like atmosphere of a romantic fairytale is evoked by the strong use of the colour white; the slow motion cinematography of the falling snowflakes (like a glass snowball); and the haunting music of composer Danny Elfman. Elfman has written the score for every Tim Burton film and his music perfectly expresses the kind fantasy world with menacing undertones that Burton aims to create in his work. Edward Scissorhands (1990) The Death of the Inventor: (01:21:27 to 01:23:06) In this sequence, Tim Burton’s mise-en-scene brilliantly conveys the strange world of the inventor that we are familiar with from the horror genre. However, the director’s intention is to subvert genre expectations. For this dark gothic interior, drained of life and colour, does not house an evil force or wicked character. How to cite Edward Scissorhands, Papers

Energy Law and Policy for UK Energy Modeling - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEnergy Law and Policy for UK Energy Modeling. Answer: According to the recent UK Energy policy, the country is aiming at bridging the current energy supply deficit by the year 2025. With the increasing prices of fuel and natural gases in the Middle East, the UK government turned its attention to increasing the production of electrifying[1]. However, the national demand for electricity has outweighed its supply. According to engineers the by 2025, the demand for electricity would be more than 40% of the supply. If proactive measures are not taken, the UK would experience blackouts. According to experts, the current energy policy by the government cannot meet the projected demand by the next decade[2]. The several issues that impact energy production in the UK are; Plan to stop generation of unabated coal-fired power without a proper plan of building gas-fired electricity plants. Failed attempt to promote energy efficiency The action by the government to slash subsidies for solar power and onshore wind. The increasing population which in return results in increased demand for transport and heating energy[3]. The country has always depended on the supply of natural gas from the Middle East countries. However, with the fluctuation of the global gas and oil price as well as political stability, the UK has been thrown off the balance[4]. To mitigate the looming energy crisis; The UK government should; Investing in the exploration of its shale gas. Collaborate with other European countries like Netherlands, Ireland, and Norway to provide a long-term solution. The UK cannot solve the problem alone[5]. Investing in research and development to formulate other energy production methods[6]. Manufacturing industry and organizations should invest in energy efficiency to help the government in reducing the demand[7]. Follow-up interactions with fellow-students discussing their posts My finds, as listed above, are similar to that of my friends previous weeks post. The article the student has listed several factors that hinder energy generation in the UK. Among those issues are current dispute between Russia and its neighbors on the supplies of gas. The UK is been affected by the conflict which has led to the imbalance between supply and demand. I totally agree with the post and the issues raised. From my post, it is evident that the UK would have a 40% energy production deficit by the year 2025. Actually my post is an extension of the students findings in his paper. Bibliography Maulet, Nicolas. UK Energy Policy: Energy Law and Policy. London: Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen , 2005. Rosenow, J. Energy savings obligations in the UK A history of change. London: s.n., 2012. 373. Harvey, Fiona. Engineers warn of looming UK energy gap. [Online] 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jan/26/engineers-warn-of-looming-uk-energy-gap. Strachan, N. UK energy policy ambition and UK energy modeling fit for purpose. London: s.n., 011.

How to Win in Monopoly an Example by

How to Win in Monopoly The complexity of the economy of the real world makes even the most expert economist scratch their heads. That is just one reason why the board game Monopoly is such a popular game among any age group. As the title of the game suggests, it also feeds one of the darkest of human intentions, which is to monopolize everything. In the context the game, there is nothing more satisfying than seeing your playmates cling unto their last dollar and worship you for your economic dominance-the sad part is it is only a game. But the question that should be asked is: how does a player get the majority of the property cards and have large amounts of cash that even the baker would envy? Need essay sample on "How to Win in Monopoly" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The first step would be familiarizing oneself to the rules of the game. Monopoly is a brutal and an unforgiving board game. Those who are already familiar with the game are like sharks that can smell blood. They can sense whether a player is just a novice. And if a player had joined the game without being familiar with the rules-that player must prepare oneself to be bullied...in a board-game context. Read the rulebook first and know the nature of the game, from there you could strategize. University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab support:Who wants to write essay for me?Specialists recommend: If You Think About Someone To Write Your Paper - Essaylab The Right Place!Help Write Essay Services Get Paid To Write Papers How to Make Assignment College Essay Writing Service It would be very helpful if a player would not get upset in the entire course of the game. The player should remember that Monopoly is a game that is based on luck-perhaps the two size-sided dice and the "chance cards" would remind us of that fact. Do not get frustrated if you do not land on Park Lane even if you wished it on a falling star. No one can tell the roll of the dice unless a player is a mutant or something. Moreover, being frustrated would only distract you from your strategy. And of course, approaching the game with a little dose of intellect would not hurt. It would always pay to smart in any game, even in life. You really tell whether a person have difficulty in handling money when he or she is always going bankrupt in Monopoly. A proven effective way of playing smart Monopoly is spending the money wisely. Smarting spending in Monopoly would mean constant purchasing of available properties. Again, do not wait until you land on expensive properties such as Park Lane. I would reiterate that Monopoly is a game of luck, the company that had published the game even states that in the manual. There would be two main reasons why a player should buy properties when they have the chance. First is that purchasing one could lead a player to purchasing all the properties of the same color. Your opponents would kneel down to you if you have purchased all of the same color group as you can charge them double rent. Second is that it simply prevents the other players from having the chance to charge you with double rent-simple. May I just add that the money in Monopoly is not real after all. Do not be afraid to spend fake money, but still spend it wisely or else you would be subject to oppression from other players, but only during the duration of the game. To boost your chances of winning the game, you could learn probabilities-but the technical stuff strips the game of the fun. It is already a logically-winning-inclined situation if a player would play the game wisely. So if you would soon play Monopoly, you must remember to know the rules, know the nature of the game, and be wise, do not talk to the dice, just monopolize. Reference Hasbro.com. Monopoly. Retrieved 13 May 2008 http://www.hasbro.com/games/kid- games/monopoly/default.cfm?page=StrategyGuide/Rules/rules_payingrent

Chem 17 Reviewer (1st Exam) Essays

Chem 17 Reviewer (1st Exam) Essays Chem 17 Reviewer (1st Exam) Essay Chem 17 Reviewer (1st Exam) Essay CHEMISTRY 17 1ST LONG EXAM REVIEWER I. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS -arrangement of atoms’ electrons -the number of electrons in an atom -distribution of electrons around the nucleus and their energies ATOMS *Billiard Ball Model (JOHN DALTON) *Plum Pudding Model (JOSEPH J. THOMPSON) *RUTHERFORD’s Model of Atom -atoms are tiny, hard, indivisible spheres -electrons (negative charge) occupy the atom Atom is mostly empty space with a dense nucleus PROBLEMS with Rutherford’s Model According to laws of physics, Rutherford’s atom should collapse *The model CANNOT explain differences in properties of elements *The model CANNOT explain the colors emitted by elements when heated A. THE QUANTUM MODELS (WAVE) -formed through studies about light DESCRIBING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE *Wavelength (? †lambda†) -distance between two adjacent peaks or troughs (m) *Frequency (? †nu†) number of cycles(complete wavelengths) that pass a given point each sec ond (Hz or /s) **Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency. Where: c= 3. 00 x 10? m/s B. QUANTIZED ENERGY AND PHOTONS Blackbody Radiation oPerfect absorber and emitter of light oAt high temperature, solids emit radiation oRadiation depends on the temperature not in the element the solid is made from. oPREDICTION: â€Å"As temperature increases, the frequency of light emitted also increases. † oOBSERVATION: There was a peak. Photoelectric Effect and Photons oWhen a beam of light shines on a certain surface (e. g. some metals), electrons are ejected. oThe effect is instantaneous. PREDICTION: †It will take time for effect to be observed†; â€Å"and light will produce the effect, given enough time† oOBSERVATION: Effect is instantaneous. There is a minimum frequency of light needed to produce the effect. o**†If frequency of light is below a certain value called the threshold frequency, the number of electrons will be ejected. † o**†If i ntensity of light is increased, flow of current also increases. † QUANTUM THEORY (Max Planck *1858-1947*) oQuantum (fixed amount) – smallest quality oEach particle corresponds to certain energy. Planck proposed that the minimum amount of radiant energy that can gain or lose is related to the frequency of radiation. o†Radiation consists of packets/quantum of energy (PHOTONS *name given by G. N. Lewis*). † oQuantum Theory: â€Å"Energy is quantized. It can only have certain allowed values. † oEnergy of radiation is proportional to the frequency of radiation. Higher frequency ? More energy; Lower wavelength ? More energy oMonochromatic light consists of photons with the same frequency or same energy. oIntensity of the light depends on the number of photons emitted per second. Einstein’s Explanation on the Photoelectric Effect Light consisting of energy packets hit the metal and their energy is absorbed by the electrons. oOne packet of energy (phot on) hits the metal surface, one electron is emitted. oIf energy of a bundle is not enough, it will not be able to dislodge electron from the attraction of the atomic nuclei. No photoelectric effect. oIf energy of a bundle is enough (equal to the threshold energy). It will dislodge an electron from the attraction of the atomic nuclei. oEnergy in excess of energy to dislodge electron (in excess of the threshold energy) becomes kinetic energy of the electron. Higher energy/ frequency of light ? more excess energy ? Higher kinetic energy of electron C. LINE SPECTRA AND THE BOHR MODEL Line Spectra oMonochromatic radiation is composed of single wavelength. oSpectrum is produced when radiation from light is separated into different wavelength components. oContinuous spectrum ?ROYGBIV, containing light of all wavelength oLine spectrum ?Spectrum containing radiation of only specific wavelengths Bohr’s Model (Spectra of Hydrogen Atom) oAssumed that electron move in circular orbits arou nd the nucleus oPOSTULATES: Only orbits of certain radii, corresponding to certain definite energies, are permitted for the electron in a hydrogen atom. ?An electron in a permitted orbit has a specific energy and is in an allowed energy state. An electron in an allowed energy state will not spiral into the nucleus. ?Energy is transmitted or absorbed by the electron only as the electron changes from one allowed energy state to another. This energy is emitted or absorbed as a photon, E= h?. For electron to move farther from the nucleus, it needs more potential energy. oDistance from the nucleus of an allowed orbit, n. Energy of the electron in the allowed orbit, n. oApplications ?Fireworks ?Use of emission spectroscopy to analyse for the presence of elements. Success of Bohr Model oIt successfully predicted the frequencies of the lines in the hydrogen spectrum oIt introduced the concept of discrete energy levels of electron in atoms and the first quantum number, n. oThe model failed to predict energy levels for atoms with more than 1 electron. (if 2/more electrons are present, the electrons repel) D. THE WAVE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER Louis de Broglie (1892-1987) â€Å"Depending on the experimental circumstances, radiation appears to have either a wavelike or a particle-like (photon) character. † o**As the electron moves about the nucleus, it is associated with a particular wavelength. The characteristic wavelength of the electron, or of any particle, depends on its mass, m, and moving at speed, v. oThe quantity mv for any object is its momentum. oMatter waves, wave characteristic of material particles. oThis hypothesis is found to be applicable to all matter; any object of mass and velocity would give rise to a characteristic matter wave. Uncertainty Principle -There is an inherent uncertainty in the precision with which we can simultaneously specify the position and momentum of a particle. This uncertainty is significant only for particles of extremely small mass, such as electrons. oWerner Heisenberg (1901-1976) ?â€Å"The dual nature of matter places a fundamental limitation on how precisely we can know both the location and the momentum of any object. The limitation becomes important only when we deal with matter at the subatomic level (that is with masses as small as that of an electron). † E. QUANTUM MECHANICS AND ATOMIC ORBITALS Erwin Schr? dinger (1887-1961) oQuantum physics opened a new treatment of atoms, electrons, ions and molecules: by describing it mathematically oUsed Broglie’s hypothesis that electrons can be described as a wave. oSolutions to the equation are called wave functions (energy state of an atom). ?WAVE FUNCTIONS: ?Only certain wave functions are allowed. An electron can only have certain energy states: the energy of the electron is quantized. ?They are called orbitals. ?Its square (? ) is called either probability density or the electron density. Mathematical description of a region in space where an electron has some probability of being found. ?Each wave function (or each energy state/orbital) is characterized by a set of 3 quantum numbers: n, l, ml oSchr? dinger’s theory chose to define the energy of the electron precisely. Therefore, according to the uncertainty principle, this would result in a large uncertainty finding the locatio n of the electron. oWhen the Schr? dinger’s equation for the H-atom is solved, the resulting wave functions contain 3 integral numbers called quantum numbers. Orbitals and Quantum Numbers oWhat for? ?Solutions to wave equations given ?Energy of electron ?Probable location of electron ?Identify an orbital oTo identify an orbital, we use THREE quantum numbers. oTo describe an electron, we use FOUR quantum numbers. Principal Quantum Number (n) a. n defines a main energy level or a principal shell b. the size of orbital and energy of orbital depends mainly on n c. As n increases, there will be higher energy of electrons and the farther is the distance of the electron from the nucleus. Azimuthal Quantum Number (l) a. Each value of l defines a type of sublevel or subshell, or an orbital type. b. Thus, we speak of op sublevel/ p orbitals od sublevel/ d orbitals c. Allowed values: positive integer values (from O ? (n-1)) d. Orbitals and sublevels are designated by letters. e. Determines the shape of the orbital. Value of l012345 Letter designatedspdfgh Magnetic Quantum Number (ml) a. Describe the 3D orientation of the orbital b. Gives the number of orbitals in a given substance c. Orbitals in some sublevel have same energy but differ in orientation in space called degenerate orbitals. . Value depends on l. e. Allowed values from –l to +l. Spin Quantum Number (ms) a. Pauli Exclusion Principle oNo 2 electrons in the same atom can have exactly same energy. b. Energies of orbital for H-atom. oFor 1 electron H-atom, orbitals on the same energy level have same energy. They are degenerate. oEnergy of the orbitals of H-atom depends only on the principal quantum number, n. oEnergies of Orbitals As num ber of electron increase, so do the repulsion interactions among them. oSubshells in a Principal Shell have different energies: s

Exposed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exposed - Essay Example When they were not ready to co-operate with me, I complained to my supervisor, and the same is not against anyone, but against the misconduct of the whole group. In addition, I would seek help from the supervisor to resolve the conflict and I will be ready to co-operate with my co-workers. On the other side, I would advise Jane that one must not use email to discuss sensitive or private information with co-workers/ supervisors. One can see that Harold Grimes dealt with Jane’s grievance/complaint in a professional manner. But Alisha Jones circulated files including the company’s rules, added with Jane’s email. To be specific, Alisha Jones tried to convince the workers that one of them faces stress and alienation in his/her workplace. So, she forwarded the email as a proof. This increased the scope of further tension among the employees. So, I would advise Jane that email is not a safe mode of communication to discuss sensitive or private information with co-workers or supervisors. On the other side, she can directly contact Harold Grimes because his duty is to supervise the workers and to resolve the conflicts among them. First of all, I feel extremely sorry to say that I was forced to complain to our supervisor, on your rude behavior. You people were aware of the fact that I am a new member to our existing work team. I am not complaining, but pointing out some facts on workplace harassment/alienation face by me. You people had been together for a long time and it is your duty to amalgamate a new member to the core of the group. As far as I am concerned, I was so excited to work with an existing work team. But you people did not try to help me by sharing your own language and code of conduct with me. You people know that I tried my level best to co-operate, but for no use. For instance, you people used to share private

HND Organisation Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

HND Organisation Behaviour - Assignment Example He added that since needs are many; they are arranged in order of importance i.e. from basic to a complex one. A person advances to the next level of needs after the lower level of need has been satisfied and he progresses up the hierarchy. This motivation theory lists the human needs from the lowest to highest as physiological, safety and security, love, self-esteem, and self-actualization. In Maslow's theory, the lowest level is physiological needs and money happens to be one of the physiological needs. According to Herzberg's two-factor model of motivation, money as a Physiological need in Maslow's theory is a motivator, though it tends to have a motivating effect on staff that lasts only for a short period. Maslow demonstrated that at the higher level of the hierarchy, praise, respect, recognition, empowerment and a sense of belonging are more powerful motivators than money. McGregor places money in his theory X and Y places money in theory X category and he feels it not a good motivator of work. He places praise and recognition in theory Y category and he feels that they are strong motivators than money. Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members. (House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, and Gupta, 2004) There is a number of leadership styles namely: Authoritarian, democratic and free reign. For effective management, a good leader should use all three leadership styles. Authoritarian leadership style is used when the leader does not want any contribution from his fellow employees because of the limited time, have all the instructions to solve a problem and the employees are well motivated. Democratic leadership style is used when the leader involves the other employees in decision making but he is usually the one who makes the final decision. This style is applicable if a leader has time and want to gain more commitment and motivation from their employees. Free reign leadership style is used when the leader has trust and confidence with the people below him and for this case he allows them to make decisions and delegate tasks. The employees are supposed to analyze the situation and determines what is to be done and how is to be done. The leader sets priorities and he is responsible for the decisions that are made. There is no one best leadership style but the three should be employed for the effective management of an organization. (Kouzes and Posner, 2002)

A leader must have followers

A leader must have followers It is a relationship through which one person influences the behavior or actions of other people. A leader must have followers. Leaders create a vision and then communicate the vision to his followers. Leader energies, inspire and motivate others to translate the vision into achievement. A good leader must have qualities, personality, characteristics or traits. Leadership traits include personal magnetism or charisma (gift from GOD), interpersonal skills, analytical thinking, imagination, decisiveness, trustworthiness, persuasiveness, self motivation, flexibility and vision. There are some styles of leadership: Autocratic: The manager makes all the decisions and issues instructions which must be obeyed without question. Advantages: Quick decisions can be made when speed is required It is most efficient type of leadership for highly programmed, routine work Disadvantages: Communication between the manager and subordinate will be one way. There may be lack of helpful feedback It does not encourage contribution or initiative from subordinates Persuasive: The manger still makes all the decisions, but explains them to subordinates, and attempts to motivate subordinates to carry them out willingly. Advantages: Selling decisions to staff might make them more willing Staff will have a better idea of what to do when unforeseen events arise in their work, because the manager will have explained his intensions. Disadvantages: Subordinates will not necessarily be committed to decisions in which they have not been involved There is no contribution or feedback of subordinates Democratic: Leader and followers make the decision together, on the basis of consensus, or compromise and agreement. Advantages: It can provide high commitment to the decision reached It takes advantage of the knowledge and expertise of individuals in different areas, for high quality, flexible decision making Disadvantages: The authority of the manager might be undermined Decision making might become a very long process Clear cut decisions might be difficult to reach Participative: The manager confers with subordinates and takes their views and feelings into account, but retains the right to make the final decision. Advantages: Employees are involved in decisions. This encourages motivation through greater interest and involvement. Employees can contribute knowledge and experience, to help in solving problems related to their work. Disadvantages: it might take longer to reach decisions subordinates might be limited in their viewpoint on organizational issues if the manager does not take employees advice, they might perceive the process to be meaningless P7: explain the different motivational theories and their application within the workplace Motivation: Motivation is the driving force which causes us to achieve goals. Motivation may be rooted in the basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure, or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting, or a desired object, goal, state of being, ideal, or it may be attributed to less apparent reasons such as altruism, selfishness, morality, or avoiding mortality. F.W. Taylor: Taylor made the first serious attempt to analyze worker motivation in order to advise management on the best ways to increase worker performance or productivity. The techniques he used of establishing an idea or an hypothesis, studying and recording performance at work, altering working methods and re-recording performance are still used in modern industry. This approach has become known as scientific management due to the detailed recording and analysis of results that it involved. His main aim was to reduce the level of inefficiency that existed in the US manufacturing industry. The scope for efficiency gains in early twentieth century manufacturing plants was huge. The vast mass of workers were untrained and non-specialized. They were poorly led by supervisors and managers with little or no formal training in dealing with people. There was usually no formal selection or appraisal system of staff and many were recruited on a daily or weekly basis with no security of employment. How to improve productivity (Taylors scientific approach): Select workers to perform a task. Observe them performing the task and note the key elements of it. Record the time taken to do each part of the task. Identify the quickest method recorded. Train all workers in this quickest method and do not allow them to make any changes in it. Supervise workers to ensure that this best way is being carried out and to time them to check that the set time is not being exceeded. Pay workers on the basis of results (based on the theory of economic man) The theory of economic man was widely held, and Taylor himself supported this notion. The view was that man was driven or motivated by money alone and the only factor that could stimulate further effort was the chance of earning extra money. He always maintained that workers should be paid a fair days pay for a fair days work and that the amount should be directly linked up to output through a system known as piece rate. This means paying workers a certain amount for each unit produced. To encourage high output a low rate per unit can be set for the first units produced and then higher rates become payable if output targets are exceeded. Elton Mayo: Elton Mayo is best known for his Hawthorne Effect conclusions. These were based on a series of experiments he and his team conducted over a five year period at the Hawthorne factory of Western Electric Co. in Chicago. His work was initially based on the assumption that working conditions (lightning, heating, rest periods and so on) had a scientific effect on workers productivity. Experiments were undertaken to establish the optimum working conditions at all. The results surprised all observers, as lightning and all other conditions were changed, both improved and worsened, so productivity rose in all groups including the control group. This forced Mayo to accept that: Working conditions in themselves were not that important in determining productivity levels Other motivational factors needed to be investigated further before conclusions could be drawn. Subsequent experiments were carried out with a group of assembly line workers. Changes to rest periods, payment systems, assembly bench layout and canteen food were made at twelve week intervals. Crucially, before every major change, the researchers discussed the new changes with the work group. At the end of the experiments the working conditions and work hours were returned to how they had been before the start of the trial. Output rose far above the original level. Maslow hierarchy theory: Maslows hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. Then in 1954 this theory was fully expressed in his book Motivation and Personality. Maslows hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top. The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called deficiency needs or d-needs: esteem , friendship and love, security, and physical needs. With the exception of the most fundamental (physiological) needs, if these deficiency needs are not met, the body gives no physical indication but the individual feels anxious and tense. Maslows theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Maslows hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom: This hierarchy was interpreted by Maslow as follows: individuals needs start on the lowest level once one level of need has been satisfied, humans will strive to achieve the next level self-actualization or self-fulfillment is not reached by many people but everyone is capable of reaching their potential once a need has been satisfied it will no longer motivate individuals to action, thus when material needs have been satisfied the offer of more money will not increase productivity Herzberg and the Two factor theory: Despite basing his research on just 200 professionally qualified workers, Herzbergs conclusions and famous two factor theory have had the greatest impact on motivational practices since Taylors work almost 60 years earliest. His research was based around questionnaires and interviews with employees with the intension of discovering: those factors that led to them having very good feelings about their jobs and those factors that led to them having very negative feelings about their jobs. His conclusions were that: Job satisfaction resulted from five main factors: achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility and advancement. He called these factors the motivators. He considered the last three to be the most significant. Job dissatisfaction resulted from five different factors: company policy and administration, supervision, salary, relationships with others and working conditions. He termed these hygiene factors. These were the factors that surround the job itself (extrinsic factors) rather than the work itself (intrinsic factors). Herzberg considered that the hygiene factors had to be addressed by management to prevent dissatisfaction, but even if they were in place they would not, by themselves, create a well-motivated workforce. Vrooms theory: Vrooms theory assumes that behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives whose purpose it is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. The key elements to this theory are referred to as Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence. The Expectancy Theory of Victor Vroom deals with motivation and management. Vrooms theory assumes that behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives whose purpose it is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. Together with Edward Lawler and Lyman Porter, Vroom suggested that the relationship between peoples behavior at work and their goals was not as simple as was first imagined by other scientists. Vroom realized that an employees performance is based on individuals factors such as personality, skills, knowledge, experience and abilities. The expectancy theory says that individuals have different sets of goals and can be motivated if they believe that: There is a positive correlation between efforts and performance, Favorable performance will result in a desirable reward, The reward will satisfy an important need, The desire to satisfy the need is strong enough to make the effort worthwhile. P8: Assess the relationship between motivation theory and the practice of management. Payment or financial reward system: Hourly wage rate: This is the most common way of paying manual, clerical and non-management workers. An hourly time rate is set for the job perhaps by comparing with other firms or similar jobs and the wage level is determined by multiplying this by the number of hours worked. This total is usually paid weekly. Piece rate: A rate is fixed for the production of each unit, and the workers wages therefore depend on the quantity of output produced. The piece rate can be adjusted to reflect the difficulty of the job and the standard time needed to complete it. These issues are determined by work study. The level of the rate can be very important. If set too low it could demotivate the workers but if too high it could reduce the incentives, because workers will be able to meet their target wage level by producing relatively few units. Salary: This is an annual sum that is usually paid on a monthly basis. It is the most common form of payment for professional, supervisory and management staff. The salary level is fixed each year and it is not dependent on the number of hours worked (time rate) or the number of units produced (piece rate). The fixing of the salary level for each job is a very important process because it helps to determine the status of that post in the whole organization. Job evaluation techniques may be used to assist in deciding the salary bands and the differences between them. In most organizations, all jobs will be put into one of a number of salary bands and the precise income earned within each band will depend upon experience and progress. It is always possible to gain promotion to another job in a higher salary band. Firms that are interested in creating a single status within their organization are now increasingly putting all staff manual and managerial on to annual salaries to give the benefi ts of security and status to all employees. Example of salary bands: Job grade Salary band (per year) Regional heads Rs.100000 Rs.200000 Departmental heads Rs.50000 Rs.75000 Office managers Rs.30000 Rs.40000 Secretaries Rs.15000 Rs.25000 Junior clerical staff Rs.5000 Rs.10000

Consumer Decision Making Process Essay

The consumer purchase decision process is generally viewed as consisting of sequential steps or stages through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. The various steps in this process, as well as the relevant internal psychological processes, those occur at each stage such as motivation, perception, attitude formation, integration and learning. 1. Problem recognition—is the first step in the consumer decision-making process. This is caused by a difference between the consumer’s ideal state and actual state. There are various causes of sources of problem recognition. These include: a. Out of stock b. Dissatisfaction c. New needs / wants d. Related products/ purchases e. Marketer induced problem recognition f. New products Look more:  the consumer buying process begins when essay 2. Information Search—being the second step in the consumer decision making process, involves a scan of information stored in memory to recall past experiences or knowledge regarding purchase alternatives. External search involves go to outside sources to acquire information such as personal sources, marketer controlled sources, public sources, or through personal experiences such as examining or handling a product. 3. Alternative Evaluation— At, this stage the consumer compares the various brands and services, he or she has identified as being capable of solving the consumption problem and satisfying the needs or motives that initiated the decision process. The evoked set is a subset of all the brands of which the consumer is aware and actively considering in the decision process. A goal of marketers is to ensure that their brands are included in the evoked set of consumers. 4. Purchase Decision—as an outcome of the alternative evaluation stage the consumer may develop a purchase intention or predisposition to buy a certain brand. Once this intention has been made and an intention formed, then the consumer implements it and makes the actual purchase. Many purchase decisions are made on the basis of brand loyalty which is a preference for a particular brand that results in its repeated purchase. Many purchase decisions for non-durable, low involvement items take place in the store and decision and purchase occur almost simultaneously. For these types of decisions top-of-mind awareness of a brand is important as is the influence of packing, shelf displays, point-of-purchase materials, and various sales promotion tools. 5. Post-purchase Evaluation—the consumer decision process does not end once the product or service has been purchased. After using a product or service the consumer compares the level of performance with expectations. Satisfaction occurs when the consumer’s expectations are either met or exceeded, while dissatisfaction results when performance is below expectations. Another possible outcome of purchase is cognitive dissonance which refers to a feeling of psychological tension or post-purchase doubt a consumer may experience after making a difficult purchase choice. Consumers often look to advertising for supportive information regarding the choice they have made. 6. Variations in Consumer Decision Making—consumers do not always engage in all five steps of the purchase decision process nor proceed in the sequence presented. There are three major variations of the consumer decision making process. †¢Routine response behavior—many purchase decisions for low-priced, frequently engaged in brief internal search and making the purchase. Marketers of products characterized by routine response behavior must get and/or maintain their brands in the consumers’ evoked set and encourage brand loyalty. Those not in the evoked set must encourage trial and brand switching.

Universal education and gender parity essay

Some 104-121 million kids of primary school age are non in school, with the worst deficits in Africa and South Asia. Girls are disproportionately affected, peculiarly in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and East Asia and the Pacific, where 83 % of all out-of-school misss live ( UNESCO, 2004 ) .Cosmopolitan Education and Gender Parity EssayIn this essay I will discourse whether I believe that Africa will make the planetary end of cosmopolitan primary instruction and gender para at all degrees of instruction by 2015. I will utilize my findings to separate whether I believe Africa will make the specified ends by 2015. First I will concentrate on whether Africa will make the planetary end of cosmopolitan primary instruction by 2015. Harmonizing to African Development Bank Group ( 2009 ) Most African states are on path to accomplish cosmopolitan primary registration by 2015, if current tendencies continue, nevertheless even though harmonizing to The United Nations ( 2010 ) registration in primary instruction has continued to lift and is making 89 per cent in the development universe the gait of advancement is still deficient to guarantee that, by 2015, all misss and boys finish a full class of primary schooling. The African Development Bank Group ( 2009 ) states that if actions are taken to better entree to primary instruction for kids from hapless families, for kids who live in rural countries, and for HIV orphans will decrease the job at manus. With all Inquisitions the African Development Bank Group ( 2009 ) states that Africa as a whole has an addition in the primary completion rates nevertheless The United Nations ( 2010 provinces that half of the sub-Saharan African states have at least one in four kids of primary-school left school in 2008 therefore although acquiring kids into school is a critical first measure one needs to maintain the kids go toing categories, this will so increase the chance that one will have the full benefits of instruction. Harmonizing to The United Nations ( 2010 ) Household information from 42 states show that rural kids are twice every bit likely to be out of school as kids populating in urban countries. The information besides show that the rural-urban spread is somewhat wider for misss than for male childs. But the biggest obstruction to instruction is poverty. Besides the rural-urban spread, there was an mean addition of 5.3 per centum in completion rates in 17 African states between 2005 and 2006 ( African Development Bank Group 2009 ) . The mean primary completion rate is low in states in struggle and in states emerging from struggle and therefore current tendencies show that the continent is improbable to accomplish the primary completion mark ( African Development Bank Group 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the United Nations ( 2010 ) in order to run into the end, states will besides necessitate to guarantee that there are adequate instructors and schoolrooms to run into the demand. Between now and 2015, the figure of new instructors needed in sub-Saharan Africa entirely equals the current instruction force in the part ( United Nations 2010 ) . Harmonizing to the United Nations ( 2010 ) many states educating misss is widely perceived as being of less value than educating male childs which now brings me to the whether Africa will make gender para at all degrees of instruction by 2015. Harmonizing to the African Development Bank Group ( 2009 ) the continent continues to do advancement toward gender equality and authorization of adult females, the African development Bank Group stated the misss ‘ primary school registration rate outstripped that of male childs between 2000 and 2006 nevertheless despite these additions, misss still account for 55 per centum of the out-of-school population in the part farther more it was found that In 2008, there were 96 misss for every 100 male childs enrolled in primary school ( United Nations 2010 ) . Harmonizing to the United Nations ( 2010 ) in Secondary Education 95 misss for every 100 male childs enrolled in secondary school. In 1999, the ratios were 91:100 and 88:100 for the two degrees of instruction, severally. Despite this advancement, gender para in primary and secondary education-a mark that was to be met by 2005-is still out of range for many developing parts ( United Nations 2010 ) , hence most African states have yet to accomplish gender para in secondary instruction, about four old ages after the mark day of the month of 2005. Merely 11 states have achieved this mark ( African Development Bank Group 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the African Development Bank Group ( 2009 ) even though topographic points such as Lesotho and Namibia had more misss enrolled in secondary schools than male childs it is extremely improbable that African states will make the mark of gender para in secondary instruction by 2015, if current tendencies continue, nevertheless 10 states have a gender p ara in secondary instruction. Harmonizing to the African Development Bank Group ( 2009 ) the advancement towards gender para in third instruction is besides slow and merely eight African states have achieved gender para in third instruction. In sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, for illustration, merely 67 and 76 misss per 100 male childs, severally, are enrolled in third degrees of instruction ( United nations 2010 ) and therefore many African states have reported advancement in gender para in regard to adult literacy, in 2007 eight states reported the mark as achieved ( African Development Bank Group 2009 ) . The African Development Bank Group ( 2009 ) say that with the addition in adult female in third instruction work forces ‘s societal and economic places are threatened, hence immature work forces are withdrawing into traditional and spiritual establishments that shore up their places and authorization. This is ensuing in increasing force against adult females and on juncture, to spiritual and other cultural struggles in society ( African Development Bank Group 2009 ) . Consequently, in order to safeguard the promotion of adult females ‘s authorization, a set of policies should besides be introduced to guarantee that male educational and employment chances are non significantly eroded in the procedure ( African Development Bank Group 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the United Nations ( 2010 ) adult females do stand for a big portion of waged workers ; nevertheless it does non intend that they have secure, nice occupations. In fact, adult females are typically paid less and have les s unafraid employment than work forces. Therefore in decision I feel that Africa will non make the planetary end of cosmopolitan primary instruction and gender para at all degrees of instruction due to the ends holding a mark of guaranting that by 2015 kids everyplace male childs and misss likewise will be able to finish a full class of primary schooling and to extinguish gender disparity in primary and secondary instruction sooner by 2005 and in all degrees of instruction no subsequently than 2015 ( United Nations 2010 ) . Already harmonizing to the United Nations ( 2010 ) most African states have yet to accomplish gender para in secondary instruction, about four old ages after the mark day of the month of 2005 and that many scholars leave school before making their concluding twelvemonth in the primary instruction sector and many of them being misss. This consequences in less girl scholars making secondary and third instruction which causes so the gender issue within the secondary and third degrees of instruction. Therefore for Africa to make these ends by the allocated clip they need to get down taking drastic steps and concentrate on making schooling chances for the hapless and unless this occurs we will non make these ends.

Italian Verbs Conjugated Sposare